Cytotoxic glycoside from the leaves of Nerium oleander L., Apocynaceae (Laurier rose). Component of the commercial oleander extract, Anvirzel. Isoln: Tanret, Compt. Rend. 194, 914 (1932); Neumann, Ber. 70, 1547 (1937). Prepn by enzymic hydrolysis of urechitoxin: Hassall, J. Chem. Soc. 1951, 3193. Structure: Tschesche, Ber. 70, 1554 (1937); Krasso et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1691 (1963). LC/MS/MS determn in tissues and biological fluids: E. R. Tor et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 4322 (2005). Apoptotic activity study: Y. Sreenivasan et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 66, 2223 (2003). Pharmacology: D. Ni et al., J. Exp. Ther. Oncol. 2, 278 (2002). Review of toxicity: S. D. Langford, P. J. Boor, Toxicology 109, 1-13 (1996).
Cardiotonic; diuretic.
Cardiotonic; Diuretic; Steroids