Glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary under the regulation of TRH, q.v. Stimulates the uptake of iodine, synthesis of thyroglobulin and release of thyroxine, q.v., by the thyroid. Structure is a heterodimer of α- and β- subunits; analogous with chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, q.q.v. Reviews of early literature: W. T. Salter, Hormones 2, 301-349 (1950); M. Sonnenberg, Vitam. Horm. 16, 205-261 (1958). Purification from bovine pituitaries: T.-H. Liao et al., J. Biol. Chem. 244, 6458 (1969). Amino acid sequence of bovine TSH: B. Shome et al., ibid. 246, 833 (1971); T.-H. Liao, J. G. Pierce, ibid. 850; of human α and β subunits: J. G. Pierce et al., Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 27, 165 (1971). Use in diagnosis of thyroid function: C. W. H. Havard, M. Boss, Br. Med. J. 3, 678 (1974). Review of structure and bioactivity: J. A. Magner, Endocr. Rev. 11, 354-385 (1990); and therapeutic potential: M. Grossmann et al., ibid. 18, 476-501 (1997).
Recombinant human TSH produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Prepn and pharmacology: E. S. Cole et al., Biotechnology 11, 1014 (1993). See also: C. A. Kelton et al., US 5240832 (1993 to Genzyme). Use in diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): P. W. Ladenson et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 888 (1997). Clinical evaluation as adjunct to radioablative treatment of DTC: M. Luster et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 3640 (2000). Review of clinical studies: R. J. Robbins, A. K. Robbins, ibid. 88, 1933-1938 (2003).
Diagnostic aid (thyroid tumor imaging).
Diagnostic Aid