9826. Turpentine

Nomenclature

CAS number: 9005-90-7
Gum thus; pine resin.

Description and references

Oleoresin from Pinus palustris Mill. and from other species of Pinus, Pinaceae. “Turpentine” also is used to designate the volatile oil. Review of production and properties: J. J. W. Coppen, G. A. Hone, Gum Naval Stores: Turpentine and Rosin from Pine Resin (FAO, Rome, 1995) 71 pp; of production and uses: S. K. Srivastava, M. C. Nigam, Curr. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 3, 49-70 (1981); T. Plocek, Perfum. Flavor. 23, 1-6 (1998).

Properties

Yellowish, opaque, sticky masses; characteristic odor and taste. Flammable. Insol in water. Sol in alc, chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid.

Derivative

Volatile oil.

Nomenclature

CAS number: 8006-64-2
Oil of turpentine; spirit of turpentine; turpentine oil.

Description and references

Distilled from the oleoresin yielding only terpene oils. Constit. α- and β-pinenes, limonene, 3-carene. May be rectified to remove unpleasant odor and taste by treatment with NaOH and distillation. A mixture of 3 parts oil with 1 part sulfurated linseed oil is known as Haarlem oil.

Properties

Colorless liq; characteristic odor and taste, both becoming more pronounced and less agreeable on aging or exposure to air. d2525 0.854-0.868. Greater part distills between 154-170°. nD20 1.4680-1.4780. Rotation is variable. Insol in water; sol in 5 vols alcohol; miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, petr ether and oils. Flammable.

Caution

Absorbed through skin, lungs, intestine. Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, nose, throat; headache, vertigo, convulsions; skin sensitization; hematuria, albuminuria; kidney damage; abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; cough, choking, dyspnea, cyanosis; excitement, ataxia, confusion, stupor. Aspiration of liquid may cause chemical pneumonia. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997) p 324; Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) section III, pp 393-395.

Use

Solvent and thinner for paints, varnishes, polishes. In manufacture of aroma chemicals such as camphor, myrcene, linalool; source of pine oil.